The study aimed to identify factors affecting how water moves through paddy field soils. By analyzing soil samples from rice fields in Guilan province, researchers found that soil particle size, bulk density, and soil moisture levels can accurately predict how easily water flows through the soil. Surprisingly, although bulk density and water flow were positively correlated, bulk density actually has a negative direct impact on water conductivity. The most important factor influencing water flow in paddy soils is the soil's water content at field capacity. This information can help predict how well water moves through these types of soils.