The study looked at how different types of forests in Liupan Mountains regenerate naturally. They found that Quercus liaotungensis seedlings had the highest density, diversity, and richness, showing they can survive in any forest type. Broadleaved forests had the highest seedling density, diversity, and richness overall. Seedling distribution was influenced by slope aspect, with shady slopes having more seedlings. Seedling density increased with tree basal area in broadleaved forests, but decreased in conifer forests. Managing low tree density can help improve regeneration and diversity in artificial forests. Different slope aspects require different forest management approaches.