Researchers studied a way to clean difficult-to-treat polluted water using a combination of powder activated carbon (PAC) and submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) processes. They found that this method effectively removed turbidity and organic pollutants from the water, with the effluent having stable low turbidity levels and high removal efficiency. The PAC-SMBR process also improved the water quality compared to conventional filtration methods, especially in removing organic pollutants. The membrane in the system lasted longer, allowing for longer operation times. Overall, the PAC-SMBR process is a promising solution for treating low temperature and low turbidity polluted water.