The study compared different types of rice plants in Jiang-Huai area based on how closely packed their grain clusters were. As the plants changed from having thin clusters to denser ones, they produced more grains per cluster and per plant, but the grains were smaller. The plants also grew taller, with longer and wider leaves, and had higher nitrogen and chlorophyll levels. Some quality traits like brown rice rate and chalkiness decreased, while protein content increased. Overall, denser panicle types led to higher grain production but changes in grain quality.