El Niño and La Niña events in the Pacific Ocean affect rainfall in South America during autumn and winter. Different types of El Niño lead to opposite patterns of rainfall in different regions. Central El Niño brings less rain to central Brazil, while East El Niño brings more rain to southeastern South America. These patterns also affect extreme rainfall events, with changes in the frequency of extreme events covering larger areas than changes in total rainfall. If the weather anomalies during a certain type of El Niño match those associated with extreme rainfall events, the frequency of extreme events in that region is enhanced or suppressed.