The study looked at how different fertilization methods affect crop productivity and nitrogen use in a rice-wheat rotation system. Optimal fertilization increased wheat and rice yields by around 15-20% compared to traditional fertilization. It also improved nitrogen absorption by crops, making fertilization more efficient. With optimal fertilization, wheat and rice used nitrogen more effectively, reducing nitrogen loss in the soil. Overall, optimal fertilization led to better crop yields and more efficient use of nitrogen in the soil.