Rice straw manure can affect methane emissions in late-rice paddy fields. Adding rice straw to the soil can increase methane emissions, especially during the rice tillering stage. Methane emissions are highest during this stage, with rice straw application increasing emissions even more. Applying rice straw on the soil surface reduces methane emissions more than mixing it into the soil. The time of day and soil temperature also play a role in methane emissions, with rice straw on the soil surface reducing methane content in the soil water compared to mixing it into the soil.