The study analyzed 41 types of Japonica rice from Yunnan Plateau to improve grain quality and breed better rice varieties. They found that factors like chalkiness, grain shape, and milling quality are crucial for grain quality, contributing 72.51% overall. The rice cultivars were grouped into 6 clusters, showing similar genetic backgrounds. To enhance grain quality and breeding efficiency, it is important to focus on these factors and broaden the genetic diversity of Yunnan rice.