Liu Xie believed that writers write with emotion, while critics comment to integrate emotion, showing the difference between writing and criticism. This idea dates back to Mencius and was developed in works like Huai Nan Zi and Wen Fu. Liu Xie's work Wen Xin Diao Long played a big role in forming this idea, which was further developed by Zhong Rong and Zong Bing. This led to a unique standard in Chinese literary criticism called "meaning beyond meaning".