The study looked at how adding straw, manure, and nitrogen fertilizer to paddy soil affects microbe and organic matter levels. They tested different amounts of each and found that increasing nitrogen fertilizer helped break down straw in the soil. Adding straw, manure, and nitrogen fertilizer all increased the amount of bacteria, fungi, and other microbes in the soil. The best results were seen when using 6000 kg/hm2 of straw, 4500 kg/hm2 of manure, and 240 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer. This shows that adding the right amount of manure and nitrogen fertilizer can boost soil microbes and organic matter, which is important for soil health.