The study looked at how different methods of soil and water conservation can reduce runoff and sediment on sloped red soil land. They found that having vegetation, especially near the surface, is crucial for reducing runoff and sediment. Having vegetation at different layers optimally distributed is key for the best results. Contour horizontal slopes are more effective than vertical slopes, and terraced fields are notably effective. Growing grass on terrace walls is particularly beneficial for reducing runoff and sediment.