The article discusses how marine fishing affects the ocean ecosystem and the need for ecosystem-based management. It looks at the harm caused to both target and non-target species, habitat destruction, and biodiversity loss. The paper also examines international laws and practices related to marine fisheries. In China, challenges include a lack of comprehensive research, theory on ecosystem management, and legal frameworks. The study suggests enhancing marine ecosystem research, developing ecosystem-based fishery management theories, creating relevant laws, and promoting international cooperation.