The researchers used a new method called CFCs age-dating to estimate groundwater age and hydraulic conductivity in the Jingsheng Basin. They found that the groundwater in the recharge area is young, about 20 years old, while deep aquifers contain older water, around 43 years old. Groundwater movement and hydraulic conductivity decrease from top to bottom of the basin and from north to south. The calculated hydraulic conductivity matches the actual aquifer configuration in the Jingsheng Basin.