Factors influencing salt accumulation in topsoil in the Lower Yellow River Delta were analyzed using path analysis. The main factors affecting salt accumulation were salt source distribution, chemical properties of ionic composition, soil physico-chemical properties, groundwater status, and regional climatic conditions. During dry seasons, soil salinization was more severe, with high levels of soil salinity observed. The most significant factors influencing salt accumulation were salt source distribution and chemical properties of ionic composition. Subsoil salinity, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and Cl-/SO42- were identified as crucial factors for salt accumulation in topsoil. These findings can help in managing, improving, and utilizing saline soils in the Yellow River Delta.