The study looked at how different animal manures affect soil quality and maize yield. They tested chicken, sheep, pig, and cattle manures to see how they impacted soil respiration rate, crop yield, and water use efficiency. Results showed that chicken and sheep manures increased maize production by over 35%, while pig and cattle manures increased it by over 25%. The best yield was with 20,230.0 kg/hm2 of fertilizer. Water use efficiency also improved with more fertilizer, reaching a maximum of 31.07 kg/(hm2·mm) with chicken manure. Overall, chicken manure had the strongest positive effects on maize yield, soil respiration rate, and water use efficiency, followed by pig, sheep, and cattle manures.