The study looked at how using straw as fertilizer can increase crop yield and soil fertility in rice-wheat farming areas. By directly applying straw to the soil, along with chemical fertilizer or pig manure, researchers found that rice and wheat yields increased, soil productivity improved, and nitrogen use became more efficient. Compared to using only chemical fertilizer, the combination of straw and other fertilizers led to better results in terms of crop yield and soil health. This method could be an important way to sustainably improve agricultural production in rice-wheat double cropping areas.