The researchers studied the runoff from mountain areas in the Shiyang River basin. They found that the average annual runoff is decreasing in some parts but increasing in others. Runoff is highest in summer and lowest in winter. There are clear patterns of long and short-term fluctuations in runoff. Regional precipitation and evaporation have a significant impact on runoff, with higher temperatures also playing a role. Overall, changes in climate factors are the main reason for variations in runoff in the Shiyang River basin.