The scientists studied how planting time and density affect winter wheat growth. They found that planting early with fewer seeds increased wheat yield and water use efficiency. Late planting with low seed density improved wheat quality but not yield much. Late planting with high seed density showed some increase in yield and water efficiency. The late planting improved wheat quality by increasing amino acids and protein content. Water usage decreased as planting got later. This research shows that when and how much wheat seeds are planted can impact yield, quality, and water efficiency.