The researchers compared wheat straw that was treated with ammonia and microbes to untreated wheat straw. They found that ammonia treatment increased the protein content significantly, while microbial treatment did not change it much. Microbial treatment reduced the semi-cellulose content compared to untreated straw, but ammonia treatment had a larger decrease. Both treated straw types had lower NDF (neutral detergent fiber) than untreated straw. However, ADF (acid detergent fiber) was higher in microbial-treated straw compared to ammonia-treated and untreated straw.