Researchers studied how to break down cole stalks into sugars using diluted acid and then ferment the resulting hydrolysate to produce ethanol. They found that using 1.0% dilute sulfuric acid at 120°C for 60 minutes with a liquid to solid ratio of 8:1 resulted in the highest sugar concentration of 24.03 g/L. Fermenting this hydrolysate with N-1 bacteria for 60 hours produced 78.20 g/L of ethanol with a yield of 21.70 g/L.