The study looked at different ways to grow rice that use less water and produce less methane. They compared traditional flooded rice fields with two new methods: non-flooded with straw mulching and non-flooded without straw mulching. The results showed that the non-flooded with straw mulching method reduced methane emissions by 46% compared to traditional flooded fields. This method also maintained high rice yields, with more seeds per plant and increased soil nutrients. The non-flooded without straw mulching method, however, increased methane emissions and had lower rice yields. Overall, the non-flooded with straw mulching method seems like a good option for saving water and using rice straw effectively in rice cultivation.