The research on microgrid energy management systems looks at how to efficiently control and optimize energy use in microgrids. The study reviews the current state of research on this topic, analyzes the different control structures, and introduces basic models and algorithms for managing energy in microgrids. The main focus is on solving three key challenges: dealing with the uncertainty of renewable energy sources and controllable loads, optimizing the use of multiple energy storage technologies, and ensuring secure communication within microgrid systems.