The study looked at the quality of rural drinking water in Luannan County. They found that 80.8% of water samples were safe to drink, with better quality in the dry season than in the flood season. Microbial contamination was the main issue affecting water quality. 43.1% of the population had consumed unsafe water, higher than the national average. To improve water safety, protecting water sources, treating water, and monitoring for microbes during floods are important.