The article examines how climate affects the amount of water flowing in the Yellow River's source regions. Runoff, which is water flowing in rivers, can be divided into direct runoff (from immediate rainfall) and baseflow (from groundwater). The researchers found that in areas with colder temperatures, runoff decreases as temperatures rise. In regions with moderate temperatures, both runoff and baseflow increase with more rainfall but decrease with higher temperatures. In areas with higher temperatures, only direct runoff is affected by temperature, while overall runoff is mainly influenced by precipitation. Overall, changes in precipitation and temperature have different impacts on runoff in different parts of the Yellow River's source regions.