Researchers studied the effects of different fertilization methods on rice yield and soil health in a red soil paddy field over 31 years. They found that using a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers led to higher rice yield and aboveground biomass compared to using only chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizer had a greater impact on increasing rice yield, aboveground biomass, and soil organic carbon content than chemical fertilizer alone. This suggests that a mix of organic and chemical fertilizers is more effective for improving crop productivity and soil health in long-term rice cultivation.