The researchers studied forest communities in Songshan National Nature Reserve using different methods. They found 13 types of forest communities and associations. The elevation, litter layer thickness, and soil depth affect the distribution of these communities. The higher the elevation, the thicker the litter layer, and the deeper the soil. The second axis is linked to elevation, slope, and soil solidity. The classification method is better than the ordination method for understanding the forest communities. The results show a clear vertical distribution pattern of forest communities in the reserve.