The article investigates the history of Nanfeihe River in the Hefei region by studying ancient records. It reveals that the river had different names in the past and its flowing direction has changed over time. The analysis shows that the ancient Feishui River and Shishui River in Hefei had unique characteristics before the Qing Dynasty. Changes in the water systems of the Changjiang River and Huaihe River have led to differences in the flowing direction. It is important to consider historical geographical changes when understanding ancient water systems.