Insufficient water resources in Heihe River basin have led to conflicts in water usage, economic development, and environmental protection. By analyzing data, it was found that water resources in the basin have significantly decreased, causing ecological and environmental problems, especially in the lower reaches of the river. Human overuse of water resources is a major factor. To promote sustainable development, it is important to consider water resource limitations and implement measures to improve water resource utilization in the Heihe River basin.