Fertilizing sorghum plants with a combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can significantly improve growth, dry matter accumulation, and nutrient uptake. Applying any two of these nutrients can boost sorghum growth, with phosphorus enhancing grain yield the most. Dry matter mainly accumulates from the shooting stage to maturity, with the highest accumulation at maturity. Fertilized plants consistently had higher dry matter accumulation than unfertilized ones. Nutrients are mainly stored in leaves and stems, with the order of accumulation being potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The nutrient absorption ratio at maturity is 1 part nitrogen to 0.32 parts phosphorus to 2.22 parts potassium.