Thieves' Lair Transformed into Cultural Hub in Northeast Guangdong Village.
A social change occurred in Northeast Guangdong during late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, turning a thieves' lair into a place of culture. By studying Baihe village in Dapu county, researchers found that the local gentries influenced folk beliefs to align with Confucianism ethics. This change gave Hakka folk beliefs unique cultural features that matched the national rite system and Confucian values.