The study looked at how grassland in Zhenglan Banner changed over time, focusing on sandy desertification. They used satellite data to track these changes and found that the conversion between non-sandy and three-level desertification grassland drove the direction of desertification. Medium grassland desertification had a big impact on the overall pattern. Areas with developing-sandy grassland were mainly in the southeast and eastern parts. Human activities like animal husbandry and desertification control policies played a big role in the process, while natural factors didn't change much.