Researchers studied differences in panicle weight components in rice varieties with different ear-type and root traits. They found that large-ear type varieties had lower primary spikelet ratios but higher secondary spikelet ratios compared to small-ear type varieties. Indica rice had lower primary spikelet ratios and higher secondary spikelet ratios, while Japonica rice showed the opposite trend. Japonica varieties had larger differences in grain setting percentage and 1000-grain weight between primary and secondary spikelets. Increasing the number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight can enhance panicle weight, with secondary branches being particularly effective. Developed root traits were important in weight-ear type rice varieties.