The study looked at how different types of maize plants respond to low nitrogen levels. They found that when nitrogen levels were low, the plants' growth and certain characteristics decreased, but other traits increased. Maize plants that were more tolerant to low nitrogen levels had better photosynthesis, less damage to their cells, and delayed aging compared to plants that were more sensitive to low nitrogen levels. This suggests that certain maize plants can adapt better to low nitrogen conditions by maintaining strong photosynthesis and protecting their cells from damage.