This article summarizes how nutrients are managed in farmland where rice and wheat are grown in rotation. Nutrient uptake by crops is crucial for managing nutrients effectively. Loss of nutrients happens after fertilization and during crop rotation, especially with rainfall. Lack of potassium affects rice and wheat yields, but increasing potassium fertilizer or organic matter can help. Fertilizer has a bigger impact on wheat than on rice. Balancing organic and inorganic fertilizers, using green manure, and returning straw to the soil can optimize nutrient management. Over-fertilization reduces efficiency, so adjusting fertilizer amounts is cost-effective. Future research should focus on improving nutrient management techniques for rice-wheat rotation farmland.