Mature hydrophytes in wetlands show best sewage purification results.
Hydrophytes in northern constructed wetlands help clean sewage. The study tested three types of hydrophytes at different growth stages and coverage levels. Results showed that mature plants were most effective at removing sewage. Pistia stratiotes L. worked best at 60% coverage, Eichhornia crassipes at 80%, and Hydrocharis dubia at 60%. This research is important for improving northern constructed wetlands.