The article discusses the problems faced by farmers in rural China and suggests solutions for future rural development. The main issues include slow income growth for farmers and the need for out-migration to increase income in the long term. To address these challenges, the development of a national market and continuous technological improvements are crucial. The government should invest in agricultural research to ensure self-sufficiency in grain production and benefit from joining the WTO. Creating job opportunities in non-agricultural urban sectors is essential for rural out-migration. To succeed in the global economy and promote sustainable rural development, China should focus on labor-intensive industries and segments of capital-intensive industries.