The study analyzed changes in air temperature, precipitation, and runoff volume in the Yarkant River Basin. Over the past few decades, both temperature and precipitation have increased significantly in the basin, the Pamirs, hilly regions, and plains. The annual temperature has been steadily rising, with the most significant increase in autumn in the Pamirs and winter in the plains. Precipitation has also been on the rise, especially in summer in the Pamirs and plains. While the annual runoff volume of the Tiznap River has significantly increased, the Yarkant River's volume has not shown as significant a change. Interestingly, the annual runoff volume of the Yarkant River has shown a reverse trend compared to the Tiznap River since 1970.