Researchers studied soil salinity in a cotton field in the Yellow River Delta. They found that the soil was moderately salty, with salt concentrated on the surface. Sodium and chloride were the main harmful ions affecting cotton growth. The soil salt content was positively correlated with several ions, including sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Sodium, chloride, and sulfate were the main factors influencing soil salinity in the cotton field. This research provides a basis for managing saline land and promoting sustainable agriculture in the Yellow River Delta.