The study looked at semen and sperm analysis in infertile men to help avoid unnecessary treatments for infertile couples. They analyzed data from 1206 semen samples and 483 sperm morphology tests. Most men had sperm concentrations within a normal range, but only a small percentage had normal sperm morphology. The researchers found that sperm activity and shape may be better indicators of infertility than sperm concentration. Azoospermia, a condition with no sperm, was strongly linked to infertility. The study suggests that analyzing semen and sperm shape should be the first step in evaluating infertility in men to prevent unnecessary treatments for women.