A study looked at how different amounts of nitrogen affected the yield and quality of late rice when all straw was returned to the field. They found that returning straw increased rice yield by 8.8% and improved the appearance, taste, and nutrition of the rice, but reduced its milling quality. The best results were seen when using 180-200 kg of nitrogen per hectare and applying it in a 5:2:3 ratio at different growth stages. This led to the highest number of grains per panicle, the heaviest grains, and the best overall yield and quality of the rice.