Fatigue is a big problem for steel bridge decks due to their complex structure. The study looked at the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge's steel box girder to understand fatigue damage. By testing and modeling, they found that changing certain structural elements can reduce stress and improve the bridge's design. Increasing the top deck thickness and diaphragm size while reducing diaphragm spacing can help prevent fatigue damage in steel bridge decks.