The researchers conducted an experiment to see how not having enough or having too much nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium affects the growth of Brassica chinensis L.cv.Suzhou plants. They found that different nutrient levels affected seed sprouting, plant height, root length, leaf number, and leaf size. Phosphorus and potassium deficiencies reduced seed sprouting the most, while nitrogen excess had the biggest impact. Overall, plants grew better with excess phosphorus and potassium, and root weight was highest with excess nutrients.