The researchers used geostatistics and GIS to study soil nutrients in Gaomi. They found that phosphorus had the highest variability, while organic matter had the lowest. Different nutrients showed different spatial patterns, with some having significant self-correlation. Manganese and boron had clear north-south trends, while potassium and phosphorus were scattered. This study helps understand how soil nutrients are distributed in Gaomi, which can be useful for precision agriculture and sustainable land use.