The study looked at how efficiently China allocates its research and development (R&D) capital in different industries from 2004 to 2009. The researchers found that while R&D capital allocation is efficient, it is at a low level. They also discovered that there is a low level of spontaneous R&D capital investment and industry divergence. To improve efficiency, they suggest leveraging market mechanisms and government control while boosting business motivation for more spontaneous R&D investment.