The study looked at how different types of land use affect soil properties in eastern Tibet's river valleys. Cropland and bare land had more sand, making the soil more desert-like. North-facing slopes had more nitrogen due to organic matter buildup. Cropland had higher levels of phosphorus and potassium from fertilizers. Bare land had the lowest nutrient levels, despite having more silt. Soil organic matter influenced all other nutrients positively. Soil nutrients were more likely to be lost on steep hillslopes during rainfall. Managing organic matter is crucial for protecting the regional ecology.