The study looked at how mountains affect clouds in the Qilian Mountains in summer. They found that the shape of the land greatly impacts how clouds form and produce rain or snow. The researchers used computer simulations to show that mountains make clouds colder and help them make more ice. This changes how much rain or snow falls and how long it lasts. In one case, the mountains made the clouds produce more rain, while in another case, they made the clouds switch from rain to snow. Overall, the study shows that mountains play a big role in how clouds form and make weather.