Wide row belt spacing in winter wheat planting can increase yield by improving canopy characteristics. The study compared wide belt planting with 8 cm strip width to conventional planting with 2 cm strip width. Results showed that wide belt planting had higher leaf area index, light interception, and humidity, and lower canopy temperature. This led to an increase in spike numbers and yield. However, increasing row spacing under wide belt planting decreased leaf area index, light interception, and humidity, while increasing canopy temperature. This resulted in a decrease in spike and grain numbers per unit area, but an increase in grain weight. Overall, a 15 cm row spacing under wide belt planting was found to be a promising pattern for winter wheat with large spikes.