The article compares and contrasts how Shanxi merchants and Anhui merchants organized their businesses during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. The main goal is to understand how these two groups of merchants operated as capitalists. The researchers looked at the development and decline of both groups over time. The key findings show differences in how Shanxi and Anhui merchants structured their businesses, highlighting the unique approaches each group took to capitalist organization during these historical periods.