The study looked at how the lower Yellow River's channel changes affect sediment movement. By analyzing water and sediment data from 1960 to 1999, researchers found a link between channel deformation and sediment concentrations during floods. They also identified conditions for balanced sediment transport. Model experiments showed the river's evolution during the late sediment-retaining period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. It was highlighted that maintaining equilibrium in sediment transport between the upper and lower reaches is crucial during this period.