Soil texture varies a lot in the Karamay arid zone. By using geostatistics, researchers studied the distribution of soil particles at different depths. They found that silt content was highest overall, and sand content showed strong variability. The soil particles showed a strong spatial structure, with auto-correlation distances ranging from 6km to 9km. Using Kriging, they mapped out the distribution of soil particles in the top soil layer, which matched the geological features of the area.